Dog Ear Infection Symptoms: Signs, Causes, Treatment, and When to See a Vet

Ear infections are one of the most common health issues veterinarians treat in dogs. If your dog has been scratching their ears, shaking their head frequently, or seems uncomfortable when their ears are touched, an ear infection could be the cause.

Recognizing dog ear infection symptoms early can help prevent the infection from worsening and reduce your dog’s discomfort. Fortunately, most ear infections respond well to treatment when addressed promptly.

If you’re unsure whether your dog’s symptoms require treatment, you can talk to a licensed virtual veterinarian through TelaVets and receive professional guidance from home.

Common Dog Ear Infection Symptoms

Dogs often show clear signs when they develop an ear infection. Some symptoms may appear gradually, while others can develop quickly.

The most common symptoms include:

• frequent ear scratching

• head shaking or tilting

• redness inside the ear canal

• swelling of the ear

• strong or foul odor from the ear

• yellow, brown, or dark discharge

• sensitivity when the ear is touched

• rubbing the ears against furniture or carpet

Some dogs may also develop hair loss or scabs around the ears due to excessive scratching.

If your dog is showing several of these symptoms, it may indicate a developing infection that should be evaluated by a veterinarian.

Dogs experiencing ear infections may also have underlying skin allergies. You can learn more about this in our guide to dog allergy symptoms.

What Causes Ear Infections in Dogs?

Ear infections typically occur when bacteria or yeast grow excessively inside the ear canal. Several underlying factors can create the ideal environment for these infections to develop.

Allergies

Allergies are one of the most common causes of chronic ear infections in dogs.

Dogs may develop allergies to:

• pollen

• dust mites

• mold

• grass

• certain foods

Dogs with allergies often experience itchy skin, ear irritation, and frequent infections.

If your dog is constantly scratching, licking their paws, or rubbing their ears, allergies may be the root cause. Our article on why dogs itch so much explains this in more detail.

Yeast Infections

Yeast normally lives on a dog’s skin, but when the ear environment becomes warm and moist, yeast can multiply rapidly.

Yeast ear infections often cause:

• dark brown wax buildup

• strong odor

• greasy discharge

These infections can be extremely uncomfortable for dogs.

Bacterial Infections

Bacterial infections may occur when the ear becomes irritated or damaged.

These infections often cause:

• swelling

• pain

• pus or discharge

• redness in the ear canal

In severe cases, dogs may cry or pull away when their ears are touched.

Ear Mites

Ear mites are microscopic parasites that can cause severe itching and inflammation.

Dogs with ear mites often show:

• intense scratching

• dark debris resembling coffee grounds

• constant head shaking

Ear mites are more common in puppies and dogs living with other pets.

Moisture and Swimming

Dogs who swim frequently may develop ear infections because moisture becomes trapped inside the ear canal.

Breeds with floppy ears are especially susceptible because airflow into the ear canal is limited.

Dog Breeds More Prone to Ear Infections

Certain dog breeds are naturally more prone to ear infections due to their ear structure.

Breeds commonly affected include

• Cocker Spaniels

• Labrador Retrievers

• Golden Retrievers

• Basset Hounds

• Poodles

These breeds often have floppy ears that trap moisture and debris.

What Happens if Ear Infections Are Left Untreated?

If untreated, ear infections can become more severe and lead to complications.

Possible complications include:

• chronic ear infections

• severe inflammation

• ruptured eardrum

• hearing loss

Because ear infections can worsen quickly, early diagnosis and treatment are important.

According to the American Veterinary Medical Association, ear infections are among the most common conditions affecting dogs.

How Veterinarians Diagnose Ear Infections

Veterinarians typically diagnose ear infections by examining the ear canal using an otoscope.

They may also collect a sample of ear discharge and examine it under a microscope to determine whether yeast, bacteria, or mites are present.

In many cases, pet owners first discuss symptoms through a virtual vet consultation with TelaVets before deciding whether an in-person exam is necessary.

Treatment for Dog Ear Infections

Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the infection.

Veterinarians commonly prescribe:

• medicated ear drops

• antifungal medications

• antibiotics

• anti-inflammatory medications

Most dogs begin feeling relief within a few days after starting treatment.

Preventing Ear Infections in Dogs

While not all ear infections can be prevented, pet owners can reduce the risk by following a few simple steps.

Helpful prevention tips include:

• regularly checking your dog’s ears

• drying ears after swimming or bathing

• using veterinarian-approved ear cleaners

• managing allergies early

Routine ear care can help prevent infections from recurring.

When Should You Talk to a Veterinarian?

You should speak with a veterinarian if your dog:

• scratches their ears frequently

• shakes their head repeatedly

• develops odor or discharge from the ear

• appears sensitive when their ears are touched

• has redness or swelling in the ear canal

These symptoms often indicate an ear infection that requires treatment.

Through TelaVets, you can connect with a licensed veterinarian online and determine the best next steps for your pet.